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IHP 501 Module Six Project Preparation Worksheet 

Complete this worksheet by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. 

Elements

Conventional Intervention 

CIH Intervention 

Vision: 
Description  

[Insert text.] 

[Insert text.] 

Vision: 

Purpose  

[Insert text.] 

[Insert text.] 

Vision: 

Rationale

[Insert text.] 

[Insert text.] 

Implementation: Personnel Required

[Insert text.]

[Insert text.]

Implementation: Supplies and Other Technical Requirements 

[Insert text.]

[Insert text.]

Implementation: Cost

[Insert text.] 

[Insert text.] 

References     

    

[Cite sources according to APA style.]    

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Overview

Amazing job! Now that you have completed the analysis of other health challenges for your chosen location, you need to propose an intervention that will improve the health of the population chosen for your humanitarian trip. Effective interventions in global health should be culturally appropriate and may often be complementary and integrative.

Recall from the project scenario that the SNHU Humanitarian Aid Foundation has offered your team a grant of $100,000 for this trip. Ultimately, you will present your findings and recommendations in a poster presentation designed to persuade your sponsor to award you the funding for your proposed trip. In this assignment, you will investigate scholarly literature to offer an intervention. Your intervention should align with the cultural expectations of the population. Consider the following questions: What are the complementary and integrative health approaches that may support the intervention? What can be an alternative intervention approach for your given location?

Prompt

Building on the prior project preparation assignments, propose an intervention to improve the health of the target population. Then, complete the provided worksheet to present your description of the intervention. For the following elements, search the scholarly literature to identify your responses.

Note that you should cite at least three scholarly sources from your investigation. The evidence should not be older than five years. To access the Shapiro Library Guide: Nursing—Graduate, go to the Start Here section of the course.

Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria:

Conventional (modern, Western medicine-based) Intervention: Complete the provided worksheet to propose a conventional intervention for the chosen population.

Vision: Articulate the vision for the conventional intervention. Supply evidence from credible sources to illustrate your claims.

Description: Describe the conventional intervention you are proposing.

Purpose: Assess the objective to be gained as a result of the intervention.

Rationale: Explain the reason that this intervention is the best choice for the challenge.

Implementation: Discuss how the conventional intervention would be implemented for your chosen population.

Personnel Required: Describe the roles and responsibilities required to effectively and efficiently implement this intervention. Which members of the interdisciplinary team are needed to perform this intervention to match current best practices effectively?

Supplies and Other Technical Requirements: What tangible supplies, information technology, and technical equipment will be necessary to safely and effectively implement this intervention based on current best practices?

Cost: Outline the general estimated costs for the implementation of this intervention. Include the cost of personnel, supplies, and technical requirements. What will cost more and why? You do not need a line-item budget, but you should include overall cost considerations.

Complementary or Integrative Health (CIH) Intervention: Complete the provided worksheet to propose a complementary or integrative health intervention (CIH) for the chosen population.

Vision: Articulate the vision of the nature of CIH intervention. Supply evidence from credible sources to illustrate your claims.

Description: Describe the CIH intervention you are proposing.

Purpose: Assess the objective to be gained as a result of the intervention.

Rationale: Explain the reason that this intervention is the best choice for the challenge.

Implementation: Discuss how CIH intervention would be implemented for your chosen population.

Personnel Required: Describe the roles and responsibilities required to effectively and efficiently implement this intervention. Which members of the interdisciplinary team are needed to perform this intervention to match current best practices effectively?

Supplies and Other Technical Requirements: What tangible supplies, information technology, and technical equipment will be necessary to safely and effectively implement this intervention based on current best practices?

Cost: Outline the general estimated costs for the implementation of this intervention. Include the cost of personnel, supplies, and technical requirements. What will cost more and why? You do not need a line-item budget, but you should include overall cost considerations.

IHP 501 Module Four Project Preparation Worksheet

Precious Teasley

Southern New Hampshire University

IHP-501-Q2461 Global Health and Diversity

22TW2

Professor Esther Johnstone

December 2,2022

Complete this worksheet by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. The purpose of this worksheet is to structure your submission to cover each of the relevant topics where the substance of your response is the focus instead of academic formatting. Feel free to outline or use bullets in your responses as needed.

Ethnicity

About 16 distinct ethnic groups and their languages coexist in Sierra Leone. In Sierra Leone, it’s common for people to identify with a particular ethnicity and religion. People of a specific ethnicity are those who consider themselves to be part of a particular cultural group. One’s ethnic identity is formed via shared experiences with those who share one’s linguistic and cultural backgrounds and common ancestry. “ethnicity” means a collection of people with a common cultural background. One’s sense of ethnic identity is founded on shared linguistic and cultural backgrounds, histories, and customs. The Temne are the largest single ethnic group in Sierra Leone, making up approximately 35.5 percent of the population (Gohdes, 2010).Most Temne live in and around Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone, and the Northern Province. The fundamental dwelling unit is the family, whether led by a man or a woman. Families (husband, wife(s), and children) form the backbone of most houses. For example, some families consist of many people (a father and son or two siblings) who are married to one other, while others have other, more distant relatives or even strangers living with them. The head of the household mediates arguments, conducts moot courts to settle family conflicts, and acts as the family’s representative in village matters.

Stakes

Despite these persistent challenges, many people and organizations have worked to lessen poverty in Sierra Leone. In 2010, Sierra Leone initiated a free healthcare program called the Free Healthcare Initiative (FHCI). This program ensures that expectant mothers, new moms, and early infants have access to essential medical care to lower infant mortality rates. Sierra Leone is falling behind other countries in understanding citizens’ rights and duties because of a lack of financing for educational initiatives. This adds to the already existing disparity between the sexes and further pushes women to the margins of society. The difficulty of entering the labor force and the societal conception of women as servants to men are both results of gender inequality. This thinking obstructs progress for Sierra Leone in a global community that places a premium on girls’ education and gender equality.

Meaning of Illness

Due to a lack of knowledge, many people may not recognize the seriousness of a disease (McNamara, 2016). The high rates of death and morbidity may be attributed, in part, to the lack of healthcare and related resources.

Social Stressors

In this context, “social stressors” refers to any socially-related activity or event contributing to physiological or emotional distress. More stressful environments have been linked to a lower chance of receiving proper medical treatment. Healthcare system participation is influenced by various variables, including respondents’ financial stability and individual personalities. Changes in population structure and economic circumstances have substantial effects on healthcare use. Many of the issues identified at the individual, family, and societal levels might be traced back to poverty and the inability to produce an income. Improving the standard of living for the people of Sierra Leone would likely need measures taken to address livelihoods, as well as infrastructural improvements and the elimination of detrimental gender stereotypes that affect both men and women.

Impacts

The prevention of more serious mental health difficulties and the promotion of national productivity might result from a thorough assessment of the challenges faced by the people of Sierra Leone and the inter-sectoral actions within the country that aim to meet those challenges (Bangura, 2016). As a result, mental health must be integrated into a wide variety of linked policy areas, requiring collaboration between government agencies, NGOs, private sector organizations, social institutions, and community and volunteer groups.

References

Bangura, J. B. (2016). Hope in the midst of death: Charismatic spirituality, healing evangelists and the Ebola crisis in Sierra Leone. Missionalia, 44(1), 2-18.

Gohdes, A. (2010). Different convenience samples, different stories: The case of Sierra Leone. Benetech Human Rights Data Analysis Group.

McNamara, L. A. (2016). Ebola Surveillance—Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. MMWR supplements, 65.

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Module one Project Preparation Worksheet

Precious Teasley

Southern New Hampshire University

IHP-501-Q2461 Global Health and Diversity

22TW2

Professor Esther Johnstone

November 8,2022

Scenario

The Ebola outbreak in West Africa from 2013 to 2015 was the worst ever seen; it mostly hit the three neighboring nations of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. In terms of cases reported, Sierra Leone was the nation most severely impacted. The current study examines the outbreak in Sierra Leone. The epidemic was deemed a “public health emergency of worldwide concern” by the WHO in August 2014. Ebola spread quickly as a result of early warning systems, and the nation’s health system was unable to handle the enormous number of Cases (Richards, et al. 2020). In total, 14,124 Ebola cases including 3,955 fatalities had been reported to the WHO by March 2016; this was surpassing any other nation.

Population

Even more expensive than it is for adults, the WHO corresponds with the description of the potential Ebola virus in youngsters. For admission, children under the age of five simply need to exhibit one qualifying symptom. In late November 2014, 13/39 (or 33%) of the children admitted to the main hospital for children came back positive for the Ebola virus disease. As ebola virus infection incidence declined, this proportion rose (Fitzgerald, et al. 2016). This means that children could potentially be exposed to the nosocomial ebola virus sickness, and the effect on mortality for frequent diseases like malaria or sepsis is still unknown.

A.
Geographic Region:

i.
Size: the nation’s 71,740 km2 total area is made up of 120 km2 of water and 71,620 km2 of land.

ii.
Location: Guinea borders Sierra Leone to the north and east, Liberia to the south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.

iii.
Climate: The area has a tropical climate, with hot, muggy weather at the shore and more temperate weather inland. The mean annual temperature is 26.7°C, and there are 2,746 mm of rain on average per year.

B.
Socioeconomic Profile:

i.
Capital City: Freetown

ii.
Major Districts or Territories: there are Four provinces as well as a western area, which includes the capital Freetown, which makes up Sierra Leone. That is; Western Area, Eastern Province, Northern Province, North Western Province, and Southern Province. There are sixteen administrative districts in Sierra Leone.

iii.
Income Standard: Low-income economies with the least development

iv.
Common Occupations: The primary industry for employment is still mining, although numerous ancillary industries are expanding alongside it.

v.
GDP Estimate: statistics GDP at $4.082 billion, growing at a rate of 3.8% in 2017 and 3.5% in 2018, and a rate of 4.8% in 2019e and 4.9% in 2020f.

vi.
Source of Funding for the Education System: Education system in Sierra Leone is supported by households’ informal donations, taxes, and fees along with the official national budget including off-aid, even though providing access to education is a fundamental responsibility of the state.

vii.
Source of Funding for the Healthcare System: The Sierra Leone Superior Essential Health Care services, as well as the Systems Support Project, is supported by a $20 million financing from Global Financing Facility and a $40 million grant from the Global Development Association (IDA)

Demographic Profile:

Birth
Rate: 4.08 births per woman

ii.
Aging Trends: average annual aging rate is around 1.51%

iii.
Death Rates: 11.483

3.
Prevalent Health Concerns: prevalent health concern of the Ebola virus is the capital city of Sierra Leone, a free town. In addition to the presence

4.
Social Determinants:

The factors in the surroundings where individuals are born, reside, learn, work, play, religion, as well as the age that have an impact on a variety of health, functional, and quality-of-life consequences and hazards are known as social determinants of health (Houéto, 2019).

Education: The country’s efforts to control the population through education have been hampered by community opposition, which has several root reasons. Medical anthropologists have well-documented fears and misconceptions about foreign diseases, as well as addressing the causes of why many people did not accept the existence of Ebola

ii.
Healthcare: The lines between “hot” and “low-risk” zones become hazy whenever a city experiences strenuous and prevalent transmission, as first occurred in Monrovia and afterward later in Freetown

iii.
Economic Stability: Most of the transportation of agricultural products to consumer areas was hampered by the Ebola epidemic. When the outbreak was at its worst, workers shied away from visiting hazardous situations, as well as the number of businesses fell by 20%.

iv.
Inequity: Slums swiftly developed into Ebola hotspots and disease hubs. Shantytown residents who contracted Ebola infected three times as many individuals as those in wealthy neighborhoods.

References

Fitzgerald, F., Awonuga, W., Shah, T., & Youkee, D. (2016). Ebola response in Sierra Leone: The impact on children. 
Journal of Infection
72, S6-S12. DOI:  10.1016/j.jinf.2016.04.016

Richards, P., Mokuwa, G. A., Vandi, A., Mayhew, S. H., & Ebola Gbalo Research Team. (2020). Re-analysing Ebola spread in Sierra Leone: the importance of local social dynamics. 
PloS one
15(11), e0234823. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234823

Houéto, D. (2019). The social determinants of emerging infectious diseases in Africa. 
MOJ Public Health
8(2), 57-63

IHP 501 Module Five Project Preparation Worksheet

Precious Teasley

Southern New Hampshire University

IHP-501-Q2461 Global Health and Diversity

22TW2

Professor Esther Johnstone

December 6,2022

Complete this worksheet by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. 

Analysis Table 

Other Health Challenge #1: Maternal Health

Other Health Challenge #2: Ebola Virus Disease

Other Health Challenge #3: Nutrition

Incidence

The maternal mortality rate in Sierra Leone is one of the highest in the world at 1,360 per 100,000 live births. (Trani et al.,2011).

.

In 2014 and 2015, the rate of new cases of Ebola Virus Disease in the Western Area of Sierra Leone, including Calaba Town, was between 17.32 and 36.10 for every 10,000 persons. More than half of the recorded cases and fatalities occurred in the WA Region, which encompasses two of the country’s 14 districts (Richards et al., 2015).

Nearly half a million children under the age of five are stunted, and another 30,000 are malnourished and in danger of dying soon because of poor food and the prevalence of preventable childhood diseases. (Keeley, Little and Zuehlke, 2019).

Prevalence 

With 1,360 maternal deaths for every 100,000 births, Sierra Leone has the highest maternal mortality rate in the world. (Trani et al.,2011).

Five new cases of Ebola were reported per hour on October 2, 2014, in Sierra Leone. A doubling of the diseased population was assumed to have occurred every 20 days.

(Richards et al.,2015.

The regional average for obesity is 20.7 per cent for women and 9.2 percent for men. However, the rates in Sierra Leone are lower. However, 7.6 percent of adult women and 8.3 percent of adult males are predicted to have diabetes.

(Maust et al.,2015). .

Presentation

Premature death, defined as dying before 70, affects around 63 percent of Sierra Leoneans (Trani et al.,2011).

From its first detection in February 2014 in Guinea, the Ebola virus illness rapidly expanded to Sierra Leone, with the first case reported on May 25 2014. By October 17, 2014, the epidemic had spread to all districts, infecting a total of 3,097 individuals, including at least 124 healthcare personnel (HCW)

More than half, that is 57 percent , of all deaths in children under five in Sierra Leone can be attributed to malnutrition. Still, the country’s health ministry and government officials have begun working to reduce this horrifying statistic by signing the Nutrition for Growth agreement and becoming part of the Scaling Up Nutrition initiative.

Social Determinants 

Transportation, housing, and education are all examples of social determinants of health (SDOH) that may affect individual and population health. Differentiating SDOH using Z Codes may enhance the precision of therapy and healthcare access.

The connection between weddings, deaths, and tenure is explored in detail. Attending a funeral increases one’s chance of contracting an illness. Changing local patterns of behaviour, particularly regarding funerals, which are fundamental to consolidating community relationships, is indicated to need more than a shift in understanding hazards.

Cultural beliefs,  traditions and taboos hinder the supply and consumption of certain nutritious foods that might otherwise aid enhance the nutritional intake of young children, even though food poverty is believed to be the greatest obstacle to dietary variety throughout the nine-month-long rainy season.

Inequities 

Women in higher-income families, those with higher levels of education, and those living in metropolitan areas tend to get preferential treatment from the healthcare system. While delivery service disparities have narrowed over time, they remain considerable.

Those from out of town who had to stay with strangers in the capital city of Freetown were among the unluckiest. They were often just thrown out into the streets when they became ill. As the pandemic developed, it became clear that some patients were being neglected and dying due to a lack of care and treatment. This might have been because everyone in the home was ill or because the other occupants had abandoned them.

Malnutrition in Sierra Leone is a relatively new health issue brought to light by the country’s recent civil war. One of the country’s most ignored problems is hunger.

Programs, Policies, or Legislation

The goal of the Sierra Leonean government’s National Reproductive, Maternal, and Adolescent Health (RMNCAH) strategy are to reduce maternal mortality to 650 per 100,000 live births, neonatal mortality to 23 per 1,000 live births, and under-five mortality to 71 per 1,000. (SOPs)

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) sent a group from the International Infection Control Program of the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion to Sierra Leone to help with the situation there.

UNICEF will help the country’s young children eat healthier by bolstering the quality of essential nutrition services at the facility and community levels and better integrating nutrition programs into the country’s broader health infrastructure.

Other 

Malaria is the single most lethal communicable illness in Sierra Leone, responsible for 38 percent of all hospital admissions. There are around three new tuberculosis cases per year for every one thousand individuals, making it another major public health concern.

A lack of enough IPC capability in Sierra Leone before 2014 made hospitals and other healthcare institutions a breeding ground for Ebola’s spread among patients and staff.

The life expectancy in Sierra Leone is among the lowest in the world. Sierra Leone had a 54.3-year median life expectancy in 2018. Accordingly, the country is ranked in the worst five globally. The average lifespan throughout the globe is 72.6 years, by contrast.

Connections Section

 

Other Health Challenge #1: Maternal Health

In Sierra Leone, infectious illnesses are the primary cause of mortality and sickness, with malaria being the single most lethal, accounting for 38 percent of all hospitalisations. Tuberculosis is another major public health issue, with around three new cases per 1000 individuals yearly. (Trani et al.,2011).

Other Health Challenge #2: Ebola Virus Disease

Before 2014, Sierra Leone’s IPC capability was severely poor, resulting in unsafe environments where Ebola was spread to patients and healthcare professionals. (Richards et al.,2015.

Other Health Challenge #3: Nutrition

Life expectancy in Sierra Leone is quite low. The national life expectancy average in Sierra Leone in 2018 was 54 years and three months. That ranks the country in the lowest five in the whole globe. In contrast, the average lifespan throughout the globe is just 72.6 years. (Keeley, Little and Zuehlke, 2019).

References   

  

Keeley, B., Little, C., & Zuehlke, E. (2019). The State of the World’s Children 2019: Children, Food and Nutrition–Growing Well in a Changing World. UNICEF.

Maust, A., Koroma, A. S., Abla, C., Molokwu, N., Ryan, K. N., Singh, L., & Manary, M. J. (2015). Severe and moderate acute malnutrition can be successfully managed with an integrated protocol in Sierra Leone. The Journal of nutrition, 145(11), 2604-2609.

Richards, P., Amara, J., Ferme, M. C., Kamara, P., Mokuwa, E., Sheriff, A. I., … & Voors, M. (2015). Social pathways for Ebola virus disease in rural Sierra Leone, and some implications for containment. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 9(4), e0003567.

Richards, P., Amara, J., Ferme, M. C., Kamara, P., Mokuwa, E., Sheriff, A. I., … & Voors, M. (2015). Social pathways for Ebola virus disease in rural Sierra Leone, and some implications for containment. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 9(4), e0003567.

Trani, J. F., Browne, J., Kett, M., Bah, O., Morlai, T., Bailey, N., & Groce, N. (2011). Access to health care, reproductive health and disability: a large scale survey in Sierra Leone. Social science & medicine, 73(10), 1477-1489.

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