To complete this assignment, read Diagramming and Evaluating Arguments .. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-englishcomposition1/chapter/text-diagramming-and-evaluating-arguments/ After reading Di

To complete this assignment, read Diagramming and Evaluating Arguments ..

Diagramming and Evaluating Arguments

After reading Diagramming and Evaluating Arguments read “Social Media: Establishing Criteria for Law Enforcement” by Robert D. Stuart.

https://leb.fbi.gov/articles/featured-articles/social-media-establishing-criteria-for-law-enforcement-use

Write an essay, evaluating the effectiveness of Stuart’s argument. This essay will go beyond summarizing, though you will use summary in the introduction to provide context to your reader. See the sample paper for help.

· Write an essay responding to the essay by evaluating the effectiveness of Stuart’s argument.

· Include the “title of the article”, full name of the author, and (in-text citation) in the first sentence, building on the skills from last week:

In Stuart’s article, “Social Media: Establishing Criteria for Law Enforcement” (2013), the topic of [X] is explored/discussed/evaluated…”

· Use an XYZ thesis statement as the last sentence of the introduction: Stuart’s argument is effective/ineffective because of XYZ.

· Avoid the use of 1st and 2nd person and personal opinion in this essay.

· Quote and cite the author, Stuart, to support your claim. DO NOT include outside/secondary sources.

· You must include in-text citations for the quote (Stuart, 2013)

· Length: 3 pages (does not include Title page and Reference page in this count)

· 12 point, Times New Roman font, double-spaced, one-inch margins,

· Include an APA 7 Title page and Reference page in correct APA format. Use this citation on your Reference Page and also use a hanging indent. To create a hanging indent: Highlight the source. In MS word, click on the HOME Menu. Then click on the Paragraph tab below it. When the box pops up, scroll to special and click HANGING.

Reference Page

Stuart, R. (2013, February 5). Social Media: Establishing criteria for law enforcement use. LEB. https://leb.fbi.gov/articles/featured-articles/social-media-establishing-criteria-for-law-enforcement-useLinks to an external site. (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Follow these APA Rules for In-Text Citations:

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_the_basics.html

Format for a Quotation:

Ordinarily, introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author’s last name followed by the year of publication in parentheses. Put the page number (preceded by “p.”) in parentheses after the quotation.

Example:

Smith (2003) noted that despite growing numbers of overweight Americans, many health care providers still “remain either in ignorance or outright denial about the health danger to the poor and the young” (p. 5).

Smith noted that despite growing numbers of overweight Americans, many health care providers still “remain either in ignorance or outright denial about the health danger to the poor and the young” (2003, p. 5).

It’s clear that despite growing numbers of overweight Americans, many health care providers still “remain either in ignorance or outright denial about the health danger to the poor and the young” (Smith, 2003, p. 5).

This week, you will evaluate Stuart’s argument. This is to say, you will discuss how well he is able to make his argument. In my sample paper, I discuss three ways that my sample author has done this. Note the last line of my introduction. I use the thesis statement model: topic = argument because of XYZ.

This is what my paper will look like in terms of an outline (your paper will be an actual paper, not an outline):

OUTLINE

Introduction: last line of introduction will be my thesis statement.

The first sentence of the introduction introduces the article and claim: In the article X, the author Y (in-text citation) discusses the topic of Z. Example: In the article “I love Cats,” Smith (2021) discusses the increase in adoption rates for homeless animals in the 2020 pandemic.
Summarize the topic and briefly introduce it to the reader so they understand what it is about, avoiding the use of “I.” Example: Smith goes on to talk about the positive aspects of so many cats being adopted, but also the consequences of the pandemic slowing and ending. He reiterates the importance of adoption being a life-long commitment.
Place the thesis statement as the last line of the introduction: Smith’s argument is effective because he uses statistics, relies on the emotions of the reader, and uses interviews as evidence.

Body paragraph one: Smith’s argument is effective because he uses statistics

Supporting evidence: Find a quote from the text, cite it, analyze it using the sandwich method.

Body paragraph two: relies on the emotions of the reader

1.Supporting evidence: do the same as above…

Use the sandwich method

Body paragraph three: uses interviews as evidence.

1.Supporting evidence

Use the sandwich method

Conclusion: reiterate the important parts of your paper

restate the thesis statement
remind your reader of your XYZ statements
do not bring up anything new here
let your reader down gently!

To complete this assignment, read Diagramming and Evaluating Arguments .. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-englishcomposition1/chapter/text-diagramming-and-evaluating-arguments/ After reading Di
Diagramming and Evaluating Arguments Evaluate Unstated or Suppressed Premises As Well As Stated Ones An unstated or suppressed premise is assumed rather than voiced outright, but is nevertheless needed for an argument to work. Consider this highly unscientific poll conducted by a TV news station. “Which do you believe Senator Hillary Clinton is most out of touch with: illegal immigration, border security, or the American people?” The pollster is operating as if it is unquestionable that Clinton is out of touch with something. In other words, the question presupposes that she is “out of touch.” However, this unstated premise is debatable once it is brought out into the open. Is she in fact out of touch at all? A listener or reader who is not alert to such unstated or suppressed premises is, without realizing it, agreeing to debate on the communicator’s terms—when those terms may be unfair. In fact, on more complex or serious issues it is often things people take for granted that may actually deserve the most critical scrutiny. For example, in the argument “This medication is labelled as totally natural, so it is safe for me to take it,” the suppressed premise—that “natural” guarantees “safe”—is not trivial and can certainly be challenged. Argument Diagramming Besides recognizing the use of induction and deduction, you can use diagramming or outlining to develop an understanding of an argument’s overall structure. Remember that an argument as defined here isn’t a “quarrel,” but rather a group of statements, some of which, the premises, are offered in support for another, the conclusion. So the first order of business in analyzing an argument is to recognize what the main claim is—the conclusion—and what other claims are being used to support it—the premises. This is much easier to do when the author is explicit about the steps in the argument, where premise and conclusion “indicator” terms appear in the text as signposts. Words that introduce or signal an argument conclusion include therefore, so, we may conclude/infer, thus, and consequently. Words that introduce or signal argument premises include it follows that, implies that, as a result, because (non-causal meaning), since, for the reason that, for, and.[1]Links to an external site. When you are diagramming or outlining an argument, if the “flow” of an argument from premises to conclusion isn’t readily apparent, then remember to use the above indicator terms to help you decide which claim is the conclusion and which claims are the premises. Using the indicator terms is particularly helpful because a conclusion may be stated first, last, or anywhere in between. People do all three when they write or talk in real life, so we cannot tell whether a statement is a conclusion simply by where it is positioned in the argument. The Purpose Behind Diagramming an Argument Diagramming or mapping someone else’s argument serves a double purpose. First, the process helps you clearly see just what the other person is saying. It helps you identify the logical structure of the argument, which is necessary if you are to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the argument in order to know whether or not to accept it. Second, you develop skills of analysis that you will need in order to organize and present arguments in support of a position that you may want to take on some question or issue. Steps in Diagramming an Argument Here are the basic moves that are required in order to create a clear diagram or outline of an argument. Identify all the claims made by the author. Since a sentence can contain multiple claims, rewrite statements so that you have one claim per sentence. Adopt some sort of numbering or labeling system for the claims. Eliminate “fluff.” Ignore repetitions, assurances (assertions not backed by evidence or reasons), and information that is unrelated to the argument. Identify which statements are premises and which statement is the main conclusion. Recognize that there may be sub-conclusions in addition to a final or main conclusion. You may think of a sub-conclusion as the end point of a sub-argument nested inside the larger argument. Although the sub-conclusion is itself the conclusion of a nested argument, supported by premises, it also functions as a premise supporting the final or main conclusion. Recognize that some premises are independent and others linked. If you were drawing or mapping the argument, you would be able to draw an arrow from an independent premise directly to the conclusion it supports. Linked premises, however, are multiple statements that must be combined to provide support for a conclusion. If you were drawing or mapping the argument, you would have to find some way to show that the linked premises as a group support the conclusion. You might use color coding, or underlining, or circling, or + signs—some way to connect the linked premises before drawing one arrow from the clustered premises to the conclusion they support. Using the Argument’s Paragraphing to Evaluate the Premises An author must organize her material to guide the audience through her argument. One tool available to an author is the paragraph. The sentences clustered together in a paragraph should be tightly connected in terms of content. In the most common form of paragraph, the clustered sentences collectively develop an idea explicitly stated in a topic sentence. The paragraphs themselves should be placed in an order that reflects some overall plan so that the paragraphs reveal the steps or stages of the argument. The premises may be said to be key steps or stages in the argument. A well-constructed argument therefore may use each premise as a topic sentence for a paragraph. Additionally, a premise may serve as the guiding idea for a group of paragraphs, each developing a subtopic. For example, the premise, reached by induction, that “College students overestimate the amount of binge drinking that is taking place” might introduce a cluster of three paragraphs, each showing that the overestimation varies by subgroup—with member of sororities, member of fraternities, and non-Greek populations arriving at different estimates. Look to see whether the author has used paragraphing-by-premise to organize her argument and outline its structure for the audience. You should also ask yourself whether any paragraphs are missing. That is, as you consider what premises serve as the foundations of the argument, be alert for the suppressed ones, the premises that the author presupposes. These unacknowledged premises may be ones that the author hopes the audience will not notice or question. In your analysis call her on it by determining where a paragraph on that premise should have appeared in the argument. The Similarity Between Conclusions and Thesis Statements When we talk about a paper, we usually talk about the paper’s main claim as being its thesis statement. But of course a paper that just makes a claim or states an opinion but offers no supporting reasons or arguments isn’t much of a paper. We would be bothered by reading an editorial in which someone stated a strong opinion on some public issue yet did nothing to justify that opinion. When an author supports a thesis with reasons, then the thesis statement can be described as the conclusion of an argument, with the supporting reasons being that argument’s premises. The argument now has a structure that can be outlined or diagrammed. and often signals the introduction of a further premise, as in “You should believe Z because reason 1 andreason 2.” ↵Links to an external site. LICENSES AND ATTRIBUTIONS CC LICENSED CONTENT, ORIGINAL Revision and Adaptation. Provided by: Lumen Learning. License: CC BY: AttributionLinks to an external site. CC LICENSED CONTENT, SHARED PREVIOUSLY Image of cut up text. Authored by: foam. Located at: https://flic.kr/p/boKxvwLinks to an external site.. License: CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlikeLinks to an external site. PUBLIC DOMAIN CONTENT The Logical Structure of Arguments. Provided by: Radford University. Located at: http://lcubbison.pressbooks.com/chapter/core-201-analyzing-arguments/Links to an external site.. License: Public Domain: No Known CopyrightLinks to an external site.