comment on the responses of at least two other students by supporting a minimum of one post and challenging a minimum of one post. You will want to focus on their point of view, asking pertinent quest

comment on the responses of at least two other students by

supporting a minimum of one post and challenging a minimum of one post.

You will want to focus on their point of view, asking pertinent questions, adding to the responses by including information from other sources, and respectfully challenging a point of view, supported by references to other sources. Be objective, clear, and concise. Always use constructive language.

PD: See the attached documents in order to reply to this posts. You need to do two replies, one for each document attached. Please do each reply in separate page. Please each reply need to be more than 250 words and follow the directions described above. Thanks

comment on the responses of at least two other students by supporting a minimum of one post and challenging a minimum of one post. You will want to focus on their point of view, asking pertinent quest
Why was the study done? Association between Stress and Hypertension among Adults More Than 30 Years: A Case-Control Study. What is the sample size? When deciding on a sample size for this study, the researchers took into consideration the prevalence of hypertension to be 20%, the proportion of exposure within the general population as 0.2, ratio of odds to be 2.2, power 80%, alpha 5%, which came to a total sample size of 102 cases and 102 controls(Bhelkar, Deshpande, Mankar, & Hiwarkar, 2018). Are instruments of the variables in the study clearly defined and reliable? The researchers predesigned a proforma which noted the subject’s histories regarding socioeconomic variable, past history and current addictions such as tobacco or gutkha chewing, smoking and alcoholism and adequacy of physical activity (Bhelkar, Deshpande, Mankar, & Hiwarkar, 2018). Additionally, the researchers also obtained a history of the subjects past one week regarding the adequacy of physical activity, which was defined as at least 150 minuets of moderate aerobic physical activity throughout the week, or a minimum of 75 minuets of vigorous aerobic physical activity throughout the week, or a combination of moderate and vigorous activity that is equivalent in minuets and intensity. Stress was measure using the Perceived Stress Scale. Height was measured using the stadiometer and weight was measured using an electronic weighing machine. Additionally, BMI was calculated, as well as blood pressures per JNC-VII criteria. Blood pressure measurements were obtained using the same mercury sphygmomanometer by auscultation method of the right hand, seated with their back supported, feet on the floor, right hand supported, and cubital fossa at the level of the heart. If an individual’s blood pressure was excessively high, the blood pressure was repeated 30 minutes later, and the second and third readings were obtained two minutes apart and the average of three readings were then obtained (Bhelkar, Deshpande, Mankar, & Hiwarkar, 2018). How was the data analyzed? The data obtained during this study was logged through an excel sheet then analyzed by using Epi info version 7 software (Bhelkar, Deshpande, Mankar, & Hiwarkar, 2018). The Chi-square test was then used to determine the association. Univariate analysis was used for assessing risk calculations by odds ratio and their 95% confidence intervals. Additionally, logistic regression analysis was completed and a P value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant (Bhelkar, Deshpande, Mankar, & Hiwarkar, 2018). Were there any unusual events during the study? There wasn’t any unusual event during the study or changes in the sample size. How do the results fit in with previous research in this area? Increased levels of stress were shown to be significantly associated with hypertension (Bhelkar, Deshpande, Mankar, & Hiwarkar, 2018). Subjects used in this study with high stress levels were 2.52 times more likely to exhibit hypertension. Factors shown to affect blood pressure directly related to stress include white coat hypertension, job strain, race, social environment, and emotional distress. Stress causes an immediate stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system with vasomotor responses which results in an increased output state and elevations in blood pressure readings. This study showed a significant association stress has on hypertension and is recognized as being an independent risk factor for hypertension (Bhelkar, Deshpande, Mankar, & Hiwarkar, 2018). What are the implications of the research for clinical practice? The research conducted for this study emphasis the important of raising awareness about stress as an independent risk factor for hypertension and the importance of raising this awareness among masses (Bhelkar, Deshpande, Mankar, & Hiwarkar, 2018). Additionally, the researchers suggest emphasizing measures to mitigate stress as an initiative for not only prevention of, but also control of hypertension (Bhelkar, Deshpande, Mankar, & Hiwarkar, 2018). Reference: Bhelkar, S., Deshpande, S., Mankar, S., & Hiwarkar, P. (2018). Association between Stress and Hypertension among Adults More Than 30 Years: A Case-Control Study. National Journal of Community Medicine, 9(6), 430-433. http://njcmindia.org/uploads/9-6_430-433.pdf
comment on the responses of at least two other students by supporting a minimum of one post and challenging a minimum of one post. You will want to focus on their point of view, asking pertinent quest
Why was the study done? The study aimed at studying the occurrence of postpartum depression in women who have recently delivered a rural population and the pattern of healthcare utilization (Shriraam, Shah, Rani & Sathiyasekaran, 2019). 2. What is the sample size? The study involved 365 postpartum women participants who were available at the time of the interview, and all voluntarily participated in the study (Shriraam et al., 2019). The mean age of the study participants was 24.5 years, and the standard deviation was 3.3 years. Most of the participants were literate (92.3%) and housewives (95.6%). 3. Are instruments of the variables in the study clearly defined and reliable? The instruments used in this study were well-defined and reliable. One of the tools used included EPDS, which was used in collecting data on postpartum depression. The EPDS is easy to use and has been proven to be operative. This tool had ten questions about the symptoms of depression in the scale, each scoring from 0 to 3 with a maximum score being 30 (Shriraam et al., 2019). A score of 10-12 showed moderate symptoms and 13 or more clinically pertinent depressive symptomatology. 4. How was the data analyzed? SPSS 16.0. SPSS Inc., Chicago was used in data entry and analysis of the variables. Descriptive statistics were calculated for postpartum depression, background variables, and health-seeking behaviors (Shriraam et al., 2019). A Chi-square test was used to analyze the association between postpartum depression and related factors. 5. Were there any unusual events during the study? There were no strange events reported in the research. 6. How do the results fit in with previous research in this area? The researchers recognized that the study findings were similar to the community-based study done in rural Orissa and Jharkhand, in which 11.5% of mothers showed distress symptoms. 7. What are the implications of the research for clinical practice? The study indicates that the occurrence of depression in postpartum women is significantly high, and the seeking for health is very low. It shows that it is high time that the policymakers take the required steps to involve the element of mental health in reproductive and child health program (Shriraam et al., 2019). Also, healthcare providers and workers should be trained to raise awareness and treat depression in postpartum women on time. Reference Shriraam, V., Shah, P. B., Rani, M. A., & Sathiyasekaran, B. W. C. (2019). A community-based study of postpartum depression in rural Southern India. Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry, 35(1), 64. DOI:10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_13_18